A urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs when harmful bacteria enter the urinary system, leading to infection. UTIs can affect any part of the urinary tract, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. They are more common in women but can affect anyone.
Types of UTIs
- Cystitis: infection of the bladder.
- Urethritis: infection of the urethra.
- Pyelonephritis: infection of the kidneys, often more severe.
Symptoms
- Frequent Urination: An urgent need to urinate often.
- Burning Sensation: Pain or burning during urination.
- Cloudy or Strong-Smelling Urine: Changes in urine appearance or odor.
- Pelvic Pain: Discomfort in the lower abdomen.
- Fatigue: General feeling of being unwell.
- Anatomy: Women have shorter urethras, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
- Sexual Activity: Increased risk due to potential bacteria introduction.
- Certain Health Conditions: Diabetes, pregnancy, and urinary tract abnormalities can increase risk.
- Catheter Use: Urinary catheters can introduce bacteria.
Prevention
- Hydration: Drink plenty of water.
- Hygiene: Wipe front to back and urinate after sexual intercourse.
- Cranberry Products: Some evidence suggests they may help prevent UTIs.